What? Classic notions in the world of vertical agreements are those of “active sales” and “passive sales”. Active sales…

What? Online sales restrictions are under close scrutiny from the European Commission and national competition authorities.

What? When a supplier or manufacturer charges different wholesale prices for the same product depending on whether the…

What? Certain types of vertical restraints are particularly likely to hinder competition and harm consumers. These hardcore…

What? Vertical agreements often contain a vast number of provisions, regulating different aspects of a vertical…

What? Suppliers often provide commercial know-how to their distributors which they would not want to benefit their…