Distribution Law Center

About Distribution Law Center

Become the “go to” source of legal information pertaining to vertical agreements for legal practitioners, academia and students.

TEGOS Estonia

Modzelewska & Paśnik

Kyriakides Georgopoulos

E+H

SRS

Eversheds Sutherland

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Your go-to platform providing essential and up-to-date information on European and national distribution law. Specialized law firms from 27 jurisdictions offer you unique tools and track significant developments.

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Countdown towards entry into force of new regime on vertical relationships

contrast

Successful Launch Distribution Law Center

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General DLC coordinator

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News

Analysis

Countdown

Ancillary sports merchandise (Nike) (AT.40436)

Limitation of out-of-territory sales by licensees

Bulk Oil (174/84)

Destination clauses non-member countries

Ford v. Commission (25/84 and 26/84)

Unilateral conduct (circular to dealer network)

General Civil Code

Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Law

Q&A document

Béguelin Import (22/71)

Parallel trade

BAI and Commission v. Bayer (C-2/01 P and C-3/01 P)

Unilateral conduct (supply quotas)

Expert Report on territorial and customer restrictions

Distribution Law Center contributes to EU legislative process

Entrepreneur

Student

Other

Choose a jurisdiction

Virtual VBER event 2022

Dual distribution strategies: The VBER explained

Webinar

Publication

Case card

Delchev & Partners

Divjak Topić Bahtijarević & Krka

Banning

Šelih & partnerji

Arntzen Grette

Arnecke Sibeth Dabelstein

primary

secondary

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profile

popup

dlc

social

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sub

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Coty Germany (C-230/16)

Third-party platform ban

European Court of Justice (First Chamber)

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

2021

VBER presentation

VBER pdf document

Draft revised VBER & Vertical Guidelines

Public consultation review

Cederquist

Chrysses Demetriades & Co

Pavia e Ansaldo

SBGK

Horten

Havel & Partners Czech Republic

Mușat & Asociații

Vertice

Pérez-Llorca

Philippe & partners

DLC

Andreas Zellhofer

DLC coordinator for Austria

Tipp-Ex (IV/31.192)

Parallel trade

CEEES (C-217/05)

Genuine agency

CEPSA (C-279/06)

Genuine agency

L’Oréal (31/80)

Selective distribution

Tretorn and others (IV/32.948 – IV/34.590)

Parallel trade

AEG v. Commission (107/82)

Selective distribution

Metro v. Commission (26/76)

Selective distribution

Leclerc v. Commission (T-19/92)

Selective distribution

Vichy v. Commission (T-19/91)

Selective distribution

Commission v. Volkswagen (C-74/04 P)

Definition of agreement

Corporate Act

Unternehmensgesetzbuch

Cartel Act

Kartellgesetz

Local Supply Act

Nahversorgungsgesetz

Commercial Agents Act

Handelsvertretergesetz

Brokers Act

Maklergesetz

Motor Vehicle Sector Protection Act

Kraftfahrzeugsektor-Schutzgesetz

Protection of Competition Act

Закон за защита на конкуренцията - An official online publication is currently not available

Obligations and Contracts Act

Commercial Act

Търговски закон - An official online publication is currently not available

Competition Act

Zakon o zaštiti tržišnog natjecanja

Obligations Act

Zakon o obveznim odnosima

Trade Act

Zakon o trgovini

Dieter Thalhammer

DLC coordinator for Austria

Judith Feldner

Helmut Liebel

Florian Sagmeister

Emil Delchev

DLC coordinator for Bulgaria

Ivan Marinov

DLC coordinator for Bulgaria

Mario Krka

DLC coordinator for Croatia

Dominik Glavina

DLC coordinator for Croatia

Polyvios Panayides

DLC coordinator for Cyprus

Irena Madella

DLC coordinator for Cyprus

Robert Neruda

DLC coordinator for Czechia

Vladislav Bernard

DLC coordinator for Czechia

Štěpán Štarha

Act on Unfair Competition

Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb

Radek Riedl

Dita Krumlová

Marie Løvbjerg

DLC coordinator for Denmark

Annelouise Dalgaard Pedersen

Andrea Hilt Nissen

Contract Law

Ο περί Συμβάσεων Νόμος Κεφ. 149

Regulation of Relations between Commercial Agents and Principals Law

Ο περί Ρύθμισης των Σχέσεων Εμπορικού Αντιπροσώπου και Αντιπροσωπευομένου Νόμος του 1992 (51(I)/1992)

Triinu Järviste

DLC coordinator for Estonia

Triin Kaurov

Ilkka Leppihalme

Inari Kinnunen

Jonatan Hallvar

Sina Bergmann

Olivier Leroy

DLC coordinator for France

Gaëlle Serrano

DLC coordinator for France

Elvire Mazet

Moritz Lorenz

DLC coordinator for Germany

Anastasia Dritsa

DLC coordinator for Greece

Victoria Mertikopoulou

Ifigeneia Argyri

Péter Lukácsi

DLC coordinator for Hungary

Máté Borbás

DLC coordinator for Hungary

Filippo Fioretti

DLC coordinator for Italy

Maria Rosaria Raspanti

DLC coordinator for Italy

Nicolò Cagnato

Silvia Bisceglia

TEGOS Latvia

Vladlena Rudusāne

DLC coordinator for Latvia

Andra Rubene

Mārtiņš Galzons

Elīza Siliņa

DLC coordinator for Latvia

Zane Skļamina

Minos van Joolingen

DLC coordinator for The Netherlands

Martijn Jongmans

DLC coordinator for The Netherlands

Stein Ove Solberg

DLC coordinator for Norway

Małgorzata Modzelewska de Raad

DLC coordinator for Poland

Piotr Paśnik

Artur Salbert

Irena Gajewska

DLC coordinator for Poland

Aneta Sakowicz

Fredrik Lindblom

DLC coordinator for Sweden

Sanna Frånlund

DLC coordinator for Sweden

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Anca Buta

DLC coordinator for Romania

Paul Buta

DLC coordinator for Romania

Manuela Lupeanu

Diana Pănoiu

Nataša Pipan Nahtigal

DLC coordinator for Slovenia

Špela Arsova

DLC coordinator for Slovenia

Havel & Partners Slovakia

Štěpán Štarha

DLC coordinator for Slovakia

Vladislav Bernard

Robert Neruda

Radek Riedl

Adam Kližan

Tomáš Varšo

DLC coordinator for Slovakia

TEGOS Lithuania

Vertical Agreements 2009 – Bulgaria

Vertical Agreements, EU – Bulgaria

Czech NCA Is Testing the Attention of Retail Chains and Suppliers. It Has Quietly Changed its Soft Law on the SMPA

Constitutionality of Regulation Aimed at Restraining Buyer Market Power in Food Markets

Coronavirus and Supplier-Customer Relationships in Questions and Answers

Does the Directive on Unfair Trading Prices Change Anything?

Online Sales Restrictions with a Focus on Price Comparison Websites

A Protected Distribution System of Medicinal Products Introduced in the Czech Republic

Vertical Restraints on Competition in the Sector of E-commerce

Court of Justice Upholds Ban on Sale of Luxury Products via Online Marketplaces

New Rules for Retail Chain Stores in the Czech Republic

Competition Law in the Czech Republic

The New Rules for Vertical Agreements: Still the Same, but Online

Act on the Protection of Competition: Commentary and Related Czech and Community Legislation

Ioanna Kyriakidou

Q&A Distribution agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A Distribution agreements

Asics is Fined for Illegal Blocking of Online Price Comparison

Judgment in the Coty Case: Prohibition against use of Third Party's Online Plat-form was not Unlawful

Price Increases in the Pharma Sector may be considered Abuse of a Dominant Position

Selective distribution: Rejection of Repairer Inconsistent with the Competition Rules

Five Tips on Distribution Agreements and Competition law

Still no consensus on price parity clauses in Europe

English

Estonian

Challenges of the digital era on combating resale price restrictions

Three negotiation techniques that pose a cartel risk in resale relationships

How are traders in Estonia affected by a recent important court ruling?

Nullity of anti-competitive agreements and consequences thereof

Bulgarian

Czech

All jurisdictions

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Act V on the Civil Code

2013. évi V. törvény a Polgári Törvénykönyvről

Act LVII on the Prohibition of Unfair Trading Practices and Unfair Competition

1996. évi LVII. törvény a tisztességtelen piaci magatartás és a versenykorlátozás tilalmáról

Act CLXIV on Trade

2005. évi CLXIV. törvény a kereskedelemről

Hungary Act LXXVI on Copyright

1999. évi LXXVI. törvény a szerzői jogról

Act XI on the Protection of Trademarks and Geographical Indications

1997. évi XI. törvény a védjegyek és a földrajzi árujelzők oltalmáról

Act XXXIII on the Patent Protection of Inventions

1995. évi XXXIII. törvény a találmányok szabadalmi oltalmáról

Act LIV on the Protection of Business Secrets

2018. évi LIV. törvény az üzleti titok védelméről - An official online publication is currently not available

Decree exempting certain categories of Vertical Agreements from the Prohibition of Restrictions of Competition

205/2011. (X. 7.) Korm. rendelet a vertikális megállapodások egyes csoportjainak a versenykorlátozás tilalma alóli mentesítéséről

Decree on the Conditions for Conducting Trading Activities

210/2009. (IX. 29.) Korm. rendelet a kereskedelmi tevékenységek végzésének feltételeiről - An official online publication is currently not available

Decree on the Commission payable to Intermediaries under long-term Intermediary Contracts

65/2014. (III. 13.) Korm. rendelet a tartós közvetítői szerződés alapján a közvetítőt megillető jutalékról - An official online publication is currently not available

Civil Code

Codice Civile

Decree regarding Commercial Agents

Decreto legislativo 15 febbraio 1999, n. 65 Adeguamento della disciplina relativa agli agenti commerciali indipendenti, in ulteriore attuazione della direttiva 86/653/CEE del Consiglio del 18 dicembre 1986

Law on the Activities of Agents and Sales Representatives

Legge 3 maggio 1985, n. 204 Disciplina dell'attivita' di agente e rappresentante di commercio

Civil Law

1937. gada 28. janvāra Civillikums

Commercial law

2000. gada 13. aprīļa Komerclikums

Competition law

2001. gada 4. oktobra Konkurences likums

Regulation regarding Non-Subjection of certain Vertical Agreements to the Prohibition of the Agreement specified in section 11, paragraph one of the Competition Law

Ministru kabineta 2008. gada 29. septembra noteikumi Nr. 797 "Noteikumi par atsevišķu vertikālo vienošanos nepakļaušanu Konkurences likuma 11.panta pirmajā daļā noteiktajam vienošanās aizliegumam 1999. gada 18. marta Patērētāju tiesību aizsardzības likums

Consumer rights protection law

1999. gada 18. marta Patērētāju tiesību aizsardzības likums

Unfair Trade Practices Prohibition law

2021. gada 7. aprīļa Negodīgas tirdzniecības prakses aizlieguma likums

Vertical Agreements 2010 – Bulgaria

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

Q&A on Agency Agreements

Work in progress - coming soon

Q&A on Distribution Agreements

1967

1984

Regulation 123/85 on the application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of motor vehicle distribution and servicing agreements

Regulation 67/67 on the application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of exclusive dealing agreements

1983

Regulation 1983/83 on the application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to categories of exclusive distribution agreements

Regulation 1984/83 on the application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to categories of exclusive purchasing agreements

1988

Regulation 4087/88 on the application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to categories of franchise agreements

Regulation 2349/84 on the application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of patent licensing agreements

jurisdiction

Regulation 556/89 on the application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of know-how licensing agreements

1995

Regulation 1475/95 on the application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of motor vehicle distribution and servicing agreements

1999

Regulation 1215/1999 amending Regulation No 19/65/EEC on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of agreements and concerted practices

2000

Regulation 2658/2000 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of specialisation agreements

Regulation 2790/1999 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices

Vertical Agreements 2015 – Bulgaria

Vertical Agreements 2016 – Bulgaria

Regulation 2659/2000 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of research and development agreements

Kickback System in Distribution Agreement carried a Fine

2002

Regulation 1400/2002 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices in the motor vehicle sector

2004

Regulation 772/2004 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of technology transfer agreements

Danish

Commission notice concerning Commission Regulations (EEC) No 1983/83 and (EEC) No 1984/83 of 22 June 1983 on the application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to categories of exclusive distribution agreements and exclusive purchasing agreements

Commission notice - Guidelines on Vertical Restraints

1978

Commission notice concerning its assessment of certain subcontracting agreements in relation to Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty

1985

Commission notice concerning Regulation (EEC) No 123/85 of 12 December 1984 on the application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of motor vehicle distribution and servicing agreements

1998

Commission communication on the application of the Community competition rules to vertical restraints (Follow-up to the Green Paper on Vertical Restraints)

1997

Green Paper on Vertical Restraints in EC Competition Policy

Treaty establishing the European Community (consolidated version)

2012

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (consolidated version)

1965

Regulation 19/65 on application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of agreements and concerted practices

Regulation 1/2003 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty

2010

Regulation 330/2010 on the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices

Regulation 461/2010 on the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices in the motor vehicle sector

Law on the Specific Rules applying to Vertical Distribution Agreements in the Automotive Sector

Loi du 24 juillet 2014 relative aux règles spécifiques s'appliquant aux accords verticaux de distribution dans le secteur automobile

Regulation 1217/2010 on the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to certain categories of research and development agreements

Regulation 1218/2010 on the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to certain categories of specialisation agreements

Consumer Code

Code de la consommation

2014

Regulation 316/2014 on the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of technology transfer agreements

Law on the Organization of the Relationship between Self-Employed Commercial Agents and their Principals

Loi du 3 juin 1994 portant organisation des relations entre les agents commerciaux indépendants et leurs commettants et portant transposition de la directive du Conseil 86/653/CEE du 18 décembre 1986

Commission notice - Guidelines on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty

Law on Competition

Loi du 23 octobre 2011 relative à la concurrence

Commission notice - Guidelines on the effect on trade concept contained in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty

Law on the Award of Concession Contracts

Loi du 3 juillet 2018 sur l’attribution de contrats de concession

Commission notice on agreements of minor importance which do not appreciably restrict competition under Article 101(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (De Minimis Notice)

Grand-Ducal Regulation on Unfair Competition

Règlement grand-ducal du 23 décembre 1974 concernant la concurrence déloyale

Civil Code

Boek 7 van het Burgerlijk wetboek

Commission notice - Guidelines on Vertical Restraints

Commission communication - Guidelines on the application of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to technology transfer agreements

Civil Code

Kodeks cywilny

Commission notice - Supplementary guidelines on vertical restraints in agreements for the sale and repair of motor vehicles and for the distribution of spare parts for motor vehicles

Commission Staff Working Document - Guidance on restrictions of competition "by object" for the purpose of defining which agreements may benefit from the De Minimis Notice

Act on Counteracting Excessive Delays in Commercial Transactions

Ustawa z dnia 8 marca 2013 r. o przeciwdziałaniu nadmiernym opóźnieniom w transakcjach handlowych

Commission FAQs on the application of EU antitrust rules in the motor vehicle sector

Act on Counteracting the Unfair Use of Contractual Advantage in Trade of Agricultural and Food Products

Ustawa z dnia 17 listopada 2021 r. o przeciwdziałaniu nieuczciwemu wykorzystaniu przewagi kontraktowej w obrocie produktami rolnymi i spożywczymi

Act on Combating Unfair Competition

Ustawa z dnia 16 kwietnia 1993 r. o zwalczaniu nieuczciwej konkurencji

2020

Act on Competition and Consumer Protection

Ustawa z dnia 16 lutego 2007 r. o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów

Commission Staff Working Documents - Evaluation of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation

Regulation of the Council of Ministers on the exemption of certain categories of vertical agreements from the prohibition of agreements restricting competition

Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 22 maja 2023 r. w sprawie wyłączenia niektórych rodzajów porozumień wertykalnych spod zakazu porozumień ograniczających konkurencję

Act on General Product Safety

Ustawa z dnia 12 grudnia 2003 r. o ogólnym bezpieczeństwie produktów

Act on Bankruptcy Law

Ustawa z dnia 28 lutego 2003 r. Prawo upadłościowe

Civil Procedure Code

Kodeks postępowania cywilnego

Competition Law

Lege nr. 21 din 10 aprilie 1996 legea concurenței

Civil Code

Codul Civil din 17 iulie 2009

Ordinance on the legal regime of franchising

Ordonanța nr. 52 din 28 august 1997 privind regimul juridic al francizei

Commission Inception Impact Assessment - Revision of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation and the Vertical Guidelines

Expert reports on the review of the VBER

Gonçalo Anastácio

DLC coordinator for Portugal

Duarte pirra

Sara Estima Martins

DLC coordinator for Portugal

Mindaugas Civilka

DLC coordinator for Lithuania

Indrė Barauskienė

Augustė Linauskaitė

DLC coordinator for Lithuania

Order on the implementation of the Instructions on the definition of the relevant market

Ordin nr. 388 din 5 august 2010 pentru punerea în aplicare a Instrucţiunilor privind definirea pieţei relevante

Juan Jiménez-Laiglesia

DLC coordinator for Spain

Pablo Figueroa

DLC coordinator for Spain

Guide of the Competition Council on vertical agreements

GHID privind înţelegerile verticale

Prevention of Restriction of Competition Act

Zakon o preprečevanju omejevanja konkurence

Denis Philippe

DLC coordinator for Luxembourg

Code of Obligations

Obligacijski zakonik

One year of French competition litigation (January – December 2020)

Competition Act

Konkurrenslag

Act on Block Exemption for Vertical Agreements

Lag (2008:581) om gruppundantag för vertikala konkurrensbegränsande avtal

Act on Block Exemption for Vertical Agreements in the Motor Vehicle Sector

Lag (2008:584) om gruppundantag för vertikala konkurrensbegränsande avtal inom motorfordonssektorn

Contracts Act

Lag (1915:218) om avtal och andra rättshandlingar på förmögenhetsrättens område

Sale of Goods Act

Köplag

Commercial Agency Act

Lag (1991:351) om handelsagentur

The interplay between competition law and human resources management

Commission Act

Kommissionslag

Franchise Act

Lag (2006:484) om franschisegivares informationsskyldighet

Annabel Borg

DLC coordinator for the United Kingdom

Competition Act

Competition Act of 1998

Guidance by the CMA on the functions of the CMA after the end of the Transition Period

Paragraphs 4.31 to 4.36 of the Guidance on the functions of the CMA after the end of the Transition Period

Two years of French competition litigation (2010-2011)

Two years of French competition litigation (2008-2009)

Specialized courts in restrictive competition practices litigation – Decree of November 11, 2009 : open issues, risks incurred

Distribution agreements in EU competition law - Italy

Italian

Competition Damages Actions in the EU, Law and Practice, Second Edition

New unfair trade practice restrictions

Latvian

Qualification of dealer contracts under the new Franchise Act

Dutch

Cartels Leniency in The Netherlands: overview 2020

Restraints of trade and dominance in the Netherlands: overview 2020

Distribution agreements (EU - Belgium - the Netherlands)

The International Comparative Legal Guide to: Cartels & Leniency 2017

Vertical agreements 2015

The Rentex ‘franchise’-formula: what’s in a name?

Vertical agreements and competition law, through six buoys on the way to the safe harbour of the Block Exemption

Online sales: blurring boundaries

Franchise and competition law: a particular relation

The new block exemption for vertical agreements: contract practice to be redeveloped?

Contractual advantage – enough learning, time for fines

Polish

Excessive delay in payment – will there be changes to the provisions of the Act on counteracting excessive delays in commercial transactions?

Excessive delay in payment and the reporting obligation for commercial transactions – new obligations for businesses

Retro antitrust: temporary fad or a lasting trend?

Vertical agreements – aim, fire!

Act on contractual advantage – experience so far

Law on General Contractual Clauses

Decreto-Lei n.º 446/85 de 25 de Outubro

Competition Act

Lei n.º 19/2012 de 8 de Maio

Industrial Property Code

Decreto-Lei n.º 36/2003 de 5 de Março

Product Liability Act of the Regime Applicable to Trade Restrictive Practices

Decreto-Lei n.º 383/89 de 6 de Novembro

Regime for Individual Trade Restrictive Practices

Decreto-Lei n.º 166/2013 de 27 de Dezembro

Unfair Commercial Practices Act

Decreto-Lei n.º 57/2008 de 26 de Março

2022

The new VBER entered into force on 1 June 2022.

Lise Ryckaert

DLC coordinator for Belgium

Associate

Senior Associate

Evi Noël

DLC coordinator for Belgium

Kelly Vander Putten

General DLC Support

Personal Assistant

Partner

Counsel

Poland: Enforcement of vertical restraints – Practitioner’s insight

Herlinde Burez

Ewelina Majcher

Agata Jurkowska-Gomułka

Szymon Gołębiowski

Should we expect a change in the approach to distribution agreements?

How to sell over the Internet? The judgment of the Court of Justice in case C-230/16 Coty

Vertical agreements in competition law. European Union-Poland

Olga Sztejnert-Roszak

Competition authority in a trap? A few (bitter) words on making public policy by counteracting an unfair use of a contractual advantage in agri-food sector in Poland

President of the OCCP as the competent authority in cases of unfair abuse of contractual advantage – critical comments

"Shelf fees" – between private and public law regimes – systemic discussion

Pola Karolczyk

Silent approval of a price offer as concertation (concerted practice). Judgments of the Competition and Consumer Protection Court of 18 March 2013, AmA 40/10 i XVII AmA 41/10)

Attempt to justify a price clause by Article 15(1)(1) of the Unfair Competition Act Judgment of the Competition and Consumer Protection Court of 27 November 2012, XVII AmA 184/10

Legality of buying agreements in competition law of selected legal systems

Portugal

Distribution Agreements. EU – Romania

Romanian

Cartel Leniency. Merger control. Restraints of trade and dominance

Constata Carbune

International Franchising: Romania

EC Treaty

Treaty establishing the European Community (consolidated version)

Pharmaceutical IP and competition law in Romania: overview

Getting the deal through: Vertical agreements - Romania

TFEU

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (consolidated version)

Antitrust in the Groceries Sector & Liability Issues in Relation to Corporate Social Responsibility: Romania

Brief considerations regarding legal certainty in competition court cases – Romania

Regulation 19/65

On application of Article 85(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of agreements and concerted practices

The Intermediation Agreement

The Commission Agreement

Complex Obligations

Global Antitrust Compliance Handbook - Romania

Questions & Answers Romania PLC

Getting the deal Through: Intellectual Property & Antitrust 2010 Romania

The Romanian Competition Authority fines EUR 22.6 M distributors and manufacturer for sharing insulin portfolio (Eli Lilly / A&A Medical / Mediplus Exim / Relad Pharma)

Regulation 1/2003

On the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty

Regulation 330/2010

On the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices

Regulation 461/2010

On the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices in the motor vehicle sector

Regulation 1217/2010

On the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to certain categories of research and development agreements

Jasmina Cigrovski

Regulation 1218/2010

On the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to certain categories of specialisation agreements

Regulation 316/2014

On the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of technology transfer agreements

Andrej Friedl

Miha Juhart

Nina Plavšak

Aleksandra Jemc

European Commission

Boštjan J. Turk

Vesna Kranjc

European Court of Justice

Grega Paternoster

Maja Turnšek

Luigi Varanelli

Vanja Verdel – Kokol

EU Law of Competition and Trade in the Pharmaceutical Sector

Spanish

Jaime de Blas

Vertical agreements in EU and Spanish competition law

Exclusive distribution: An overview of EU and national case law

RPM Under EU Competition Law: Some Considerations from a Business and Economic Perspective

Distribution agreements and competition law

Swedish

Maja Wettergren

Kristoffer Molin

Lars Henriksson

Ivo Šimeček

Indrek Kangur

Liina Käis

One year of French competition litigation (January – December 2019)

Getting the Deal Through: Franchise

Franchise

Chapter on Hungary

VBER Road map - Figure 2

Civil Code

Občiansky zákonník

Commercial Code

Obchodný zákonník

Act on the Protection of Competition

Zákon ochrane hospodárskej súťaže a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov

Act on Inappropriate Conditions in Food Trade

Zákon o neprimeraných podmienkach v obchode s potravinami a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov

Act on Prices

Zákon o cenách

audit

cooperation

customer restriction

fine

hardcore restriction

intellectual property rights

labelling

licensing

online sales

out-of-territory sales

pass on

restriction by object

sales restriction (active)

sales restriction (passive)

single and continuous infringement

territorial restriction

threats (audits)

Decree laying down Tresholds to Determine whether an Agreement has an Insignificant Effect on Competition

Vyhláška ktorou sa ustanovujú prahové hodnoty na určenie, či dohoda medzi podnikateľmi, zosúladený postup podnikateľov alebo rozhodnutie združenia podnikateľov má zanedbateľný účinok na hospodársku súťaž

Competition Act

Konkurrenceloven

Trade Agent Act

Lov om handelsagenter og handelsrejsende - under contruction

Contract Act

Lov om aftaler og andre retshandler på formuerettens område

Sale of Goods Act

Lov om køb

Competition Act

Konkurentsiseadus

Grant of Permission to Enter into Vertical Agreements which Restrict or May Restrict Free Competition (group exemption)

Konkurentsi kahjustavate või kahjustada võivate vertikaalsete kokkulepete sõlmimiseks loa andmine (grupierand) (RT I 2010, 23, 112)

Law of Obligations Act

Võlaõigusseadus (RT I 2001, 81, 487) § 670-691 (agendilepingu ptk)

Act on Commercial Representatives and Salesmen

Laki kauppaedustajista ja myyntimiehistä 1992/417

Contracts Act

Laki varallisuusoikeudellisista oikeustoimista 228/1929

Sale of Goods Act

Kauppalaki 355/1987

Unfair Business Practices Act

Laki sopimattomasta menettelystä elinkeinotoiminnassa 1061/78

Competition Act

Kilpailulaki 2011/948

Act on Contractual Terms between Businesses

Laki elinkeinonharjoittajien välisten sopimusehtojen sääntelystä 1062/1993

concurrence of wills

export ban

parallel trade

supply quota

tacit acceptance

unilateral conduct

monitoring and penalties (helpful element)

Commercial Code

Ordonnance n° 2019-359 du 24 avril 2019 portant refonte du titre IV du livre IV du code de commerce relatif à la transparence, aux pratiques restrictives de concurrence et aux autres pratiques prohibées

Law for Balanced Trade Relations in the Agricultural and Food Sector and Healthy, Sustainable Food accessible to All

Loi n° 2018-938 du 30 octobre 2018 pour l'équilibre des relations commerciales dans le secteur agricole et alimentaire et une alimentation saine, durable et accessible à tous

Law for Growth, Activity and Equal Economic Opportunities

Loi n° 2015-990 du 6 août 2015 pour la croissance, l'activité et l'égalité des chances économiques

appreciable effect on trade

intra-group agreement

non-EEA

non-selective distribution (exclusive)

nullity

subsidiary

Consumer Law

Loi n° 2014-344 du 17 mars 2014 relative à la consommation

Law on Overseas Economic Regulation

Loi n° 2012-1270 du 20 novembre 2012 relative à la régulation économique outre-mer et portant diverses dispositions relatives aux outre-mer

Law in favor of small and medium-sized enterprises

Loi n° 2005-882 du 2 août 2005 en faveur des petites et moyennes entreprises

VBER Road map - Figure 1

Law on New Economic Regulations

Loi n° 2001-420 du 15 mai 2001 relative aux nouvelles régulations économiques

destination clause

export to non-member countries

restriction by effect

VBER Road map - Figure 3

Ordinance on the Freedom of Prices and Competition

Ordonnance n° 86-1243 du 1er décembre 1986 relative à la liberté des prix et de la concurrence

VBER Road map - Figure 4

VBER Road map - Figure 5

VBER Road map - Figure 6

VBER Road map - Figure 7

Law on Relations between Commercial Agents and their Principals

Loi n° 91-593 du 25 juin 1991 relative aux rapports entre les agents commerciaux et leurs mandants

VBER Road map - Figure 8

VBER Road map - Figure 9

VBER Road map - Figure 10

Commercial Code

Handelsgesetzbuch

VBER Road map - Figure 11

Civil Code

Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

VBER Road map - Figure 12

Presidential Decree No 219

Προεδρικό διάταγμα υπ’ αριθμ. 219 φεκ Α’ 81/30.05.1991

VBER Road map - Figure 13

VBER Road map - Figure 14

Law on Free Competition

Νόμος υπ ΄ αριθμ. 3959/2011 για την Προστασία του ελεύθερου ανταγωνισμού

Civil Code

Αστικός Κώδικας - An official online publication is currently not available

motor vehicle distribution

right-hand-drive cars

refusal to supply

availability clause (motor vehicles)

Law on Unfair Competition

Νόμος 146/1914 Περί αθεμίτου ανταγωνισμού - An official online publication is currently not available

post-delivery checks

tracing products

luxury goods

objective justification

selective distribution (purely qualitative)

third-party platform

exclusive purchasing

non-compete obligation

resale price maintenance

Book IV of the Code of Economic Law

Boek IV van het Wetboek van Economisch Recht

Law on Agency Contracts

Ley 12/1992, de 27 de mayo, sobre Contrato de Agencia

Civil Code

Real Decreto de 24 de julio de 1889 por el que se publica el Código Civil

Code of Commerce

Real Decreto de 22 de agosto de 1885 por el que se publica el Código de Comercio

Law on the Regulation of Retail Trade

Ley 7/1996, de 15 de enero, de Ordenación del Comercio Minorista

Royal Decree regulating the exercise of commercial activity under the franchise system

Real Decreto 201/2010, de 26 de febrero, por el que se regula el ejercicio de la actividad comercial en régimen de franquicia y la comunicación de datos al registro de franquiciadores

Law of the Judiciary

Ley Orgánica 6/1985, de 1 de julio, del Poder Judicial

Law on Civil Procedure

Ley 1/2000, de 7 de enero, de Enjuiciamiento Civil

Act regulating the Jurisdiction of Judicial Review

Ley 29/1998, de 13 de julio, reguladora de la Jurisdicción Contencioso-administrativa

Act on Arbitration

Ley 60/2003, de 23 de diciembre, de Arbitraje

Royal Decree on the Establishment of Banks, Cross-border Activity and other issues relating to the Legal Regime for Credit Institutions

Real Decreto 1245/1995, de 14 de julio, sobre creación de bancos, actividad transfronteriza y otras cuestiones relativas al régimen jurídico de las entidades de crédito

Royal Decree approving the General Statutes of the Commercial Agents' Associations and their General Council

Real Decreto 118/2005, de 4 de febrero, por el que se aprueban los Estatutos generales de los Colegios de Agentes Comerciales de España y de su Consejo General

Civil Code

Lietuvos Respublikos civilinio kodekso patvirtinimo, įsigaliojimo ir įgyvendinimo įstatymas. Civilinis kodeksas

Law on Competition

Konkurencijos Įstatymas 1999 m. kovo 23 d. Nr. VIII-1099

Law on Merchant Shipping

Prekybinės Laivybos Įstatymas 1996 m. rugsėjo 12 d. Nr. I-1513

Law on Insurance

Lietuvos Respublikos draudimo įstatymas 2003 m. rugsėjo 18 d. Nr. IX-1737

Law on Financial Institutions

Lietuvos Respublikos finansų įstaigų įstatymas 2002 m. rugsėjo 10 d. Nr. IX-1068

Law on Tourism

Lietuvos Respublikos turizmo įstatymas 1998 m. kovo 19 d. Nr. VIII-667

Law on Value Added Tax

Lietuvos Respublikos pridėtinės vertės mokesčio įstatymas 2002 m. kovo 5 d. Nr. IX-751

selective distribution (quantitative)

effect on trade (export ban third countries)

marking of products (parallel trade)

monitoring (parallel trade)

suspension of supplies (parallel trade)

selective distribution (price competition)

wholesale function

Court of First Instance

agreement

Civil Code

Zákon č. 89/2012 Sb. občanský zákoník

Act on the Protection of Competition

Zákon č. 143/2001 Sb. o ochraně hospodářské soutěže a o změně některých zákonů

Act on Significant Market Power in the Sale of Agricultural and Food Products and Abuse thereof

Zákon č. 395/2009 Sb. o významné tržní síle při prodeji zemědělských a potravinářských produktů a jejím zneužití

Act on Prices

Zákon č. 526/1990 Sb. o cenách

Effect on Trade Guidelines

Commission notice - Guidelines on the effect on trade concept contained in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty

Senior Attorney

Vertical Guidelines (2010)

Commission notice - Guidelines on Vertical Restraints (2010)

Associate Partner

Managing Partner

Junior Associate

Legal Trainee

Article 81(3) Guidelines

Commission notice - Guidelines on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty

Annotation: Burden of proof in private enforcement in a vertical context. A balancing act.

French

Sébastien Engelen

Vertical Agreements and Dominant Firms - Chapter 1 - European Union

Second line price discrimination by a vertically integrated company (or not)?

Vertical Agreements in EU Competition Law (3rd edition)

Distribution Agreements (EU - Belgium - the Netherlands)

Managing Associate

State aid in the context of COVID-19, using the Austrian Airlines decision as an example

Distribution Agreements in competition law

Vertical Agreements in EU Competition Law (2de edition)

Vertical Agreements in EC Competition Law

Of Counsel

German

Lukas Solek

Alain Vanderelst

EC Block Exemption, Vertical Agreements and Motor Vehicle Distribution

Getting the Deal Through: Modernisation in Europe 2005 (Austria)

Vertical restraints - Time for no change?

Review of selective distribution. Does Nike walk alongside its shoes?

De Minimis Notice

Commission notice on agreements of minor importance which do not appreciably restrict competition under Article 101(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

ACM supervision of vertical agreements

Pozuelo 4: de Minimis Treatment of Exclusive Purchase (single Branding) Obligations

Technology Transfer Guidelines

Guidelines on the application of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to technology transfer agreements

Exclusive and selective distribution: variants on the same theme?

Peter Wytinck

Ten challenges for 2010 a practitioner's perspective on the revision of regulation 2790/99

Vertical agreements: a European facelift

Distribution law from a competition law perspective: a proposal for a pragmatic approach

Active Sales Restrictions Revisited

Global co-Chair of Competition, EU and Trade

That's it for active sales prohibitions

Legal Director

Article on the Commission's Evaluation Report on Regulation (EC) N° 1475/95 on motor vehicle distribution and servicing

Vertical restraints in EC Competion law: a radical turnaround

The EC Commission's draft regulation on motor vehicle distrubtion: alea iacta est.

Commercial agency and EC law

Franchising and EEC Cartel Law: a sudden love affair or a lasting marriage?

Selective distribution and e-commerce: state of play after the Coty case

Independent Lawyer

Senior Partner

Attorney

Supplementary Guidelines

Commission notice - Supplementary guidelines on vertical restraints in agreements for the sale and repair of motor vehicles and for the distribution of spare parts for motor vehicles

Marc Gouden

DLC coordinator for Luxembourg

Restrictions by Object Guidance

Commission Staff Working Document - Guidance on restrictions of competition "by object" for the purpose of defining which agreements may benefit from the De Minimis Notice

Managing Partner & Lawyer

Michel François

Assistant attorney

Legal consultant

Professional Support Lawyer

Ford v. Commission (interim measures) (228/82 and 229/82)

Unilateral conduct (circular to dealer network)

Anouk Focquet

Emmelie Wijckmans

The calm before the storm in data protection penalties

Limits to the applicability of the market economy operator test

Geoblocking: online commerce under scrutiny

Shopping like locals, but only almost

Dress-ups and privatizations

Data protection law in the footsteps of antitrust law

The lawyer's privilege in Austrian antitrust law

Robert Nešpůrek

Antitrust Law Becomes a Model for Data Protection | The EU General Regulation Requires Companies to Have Internal Compliance that is Controlled by the Authorities

Martin Rott

Compliance Practice Guide - 278 Questions and Answers (Antitrust and Competition Law / Intellectual Property)

Václav Audes

František Neuwirth

LAŠTŮVKOVÁ, Vlaďka

Roman Sartor